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     BAS(1)                                                     BAS(1)

     NAME
          bas - basic

     SYNOPSIS
          bas [ file ]

     DESCRIPTION
          Bas is a dialect of Basic.  If a file argument is provided,
          the file is used for input before the terminal is read.  Bas
          accepts lines of the form:

             statement
             integer statement

          Integer numbered statements (known as internal statements)
          are stored for later execution.  They are stored in sorted
          ascending order.  Non-numbered statements are immediately
          executed.  The result of an immediate expression statement
          (that does not have `=' as its highest operator) is printed.
          Interrupts suspend computation.

          Statements have the following syntax:

          expression
               The expression is executed for its side effects
               (assignment or function call) or for printing as
               described above.

          comment
               This statement is ignored.  It is used to interject
               commentary in a program.

          done
               Return to system level.

          dump
               The name and current value of every variable is
               printed.

          edit
               The UNIX editor, ed, is invoked with the file argument.
               After the editor exits, this file is recompiled.

          for name = expression expression statement
          for name = expression expression
          next
               The for statement repetitively executes a statement
               (first form) or a group of statements (second form)
               under control of a named variable.  The variable takes
               on the value of the first expression, then is

     BAS(1)                                                     BAS(1)

               incremented by one on each loop, not to exceed the
               value of the second expression.

          goto expression
               The expression is evaluated, truncated to an integer
               and execution goes to the corresponding integer num-
               bered statment.  If executed from immediate mode, the
               internal statements are compiled first.

          if expression statement
          if expression
          [ else
          fi
               The statement (first form) or group of statements (sec-
               ond form) is executed if the expression evaluates to
               non-zero.  In the second form, an optional else allows
               for a group of statements to be executed when the first
               group is not.

          list [expression [expression]]
               is used to print out the stored internal statements.
               If no arguments are given, all internal statements are
               printed.  If one argument is given, only that internal
               statement is listed.  If two arguments are given, all
               internal statements inclusively between the arguments
               are printed.

          print list
               The list of expressions and strings are concatenated
               and printed.  (A string is delimited by " characters.)

          prompt list
               Prompt is the same as print except that no newline
               character is printed.

          return [expression]
               The expression is evaluated and the result is passed
               back as the value of a function call.  If no expression
               is given, zero is returned.

          run
               The internal statements are compiled.  The symbol table
               is re-initialized.  The random number generator is
               reset.  Control is passed to the lowest numbered inter-
               nal statement.

          save [expression [expression]]
               Save is like list except that the output is written on
               the file argument.  If no argument is given on the com-
               mand, b.out is used.

          Expressions have the following syntax:

     BAS(1)                                                     BAS(1)

          name
               A name is used to specify a variable.  Names are com-
               posed of a letter followed by letters and digits.  The
               first four characters of a name are significant.

          number
               A number is used to represent a constant value.  A num-
               ber is written in Fortran style, and contains digits,
               an optional decimal point, and possibly a scale factor
               consisting of an e followed by a possibly signed expo-
               nent.

          ( expression )
               Parentheses are used to alter normal order of evalua-
               tion.

          _ expression
               The result is the negation of the expression.

          expression operator expression
               Common functions of two arguments are abbreviated by
               the two arguments separated by an operator denoting the
               function.  A complete list of operators is given below.

          expression ( [expression [ , expression] ... ] )
               Functions of an arbitrary number of arguments can be
               called by an expression followed by the arguments in
               parentheses separated by commas.  The expression evalu-
               ates to the line number of the entry of the function in
               the internally stored statements.  This causes the
               internal statements to be compiled.  If the expression
               evaluates negative, a builtin function is called.  The
               list of builtin functions appears below.

          name [ expression [ , expression ] ...  ]
               Each expression is truncated to an integer and used as
               a specifier for the name.  The result is syntactically
               identical to a name.  a[1,2] is the same as a[1][2].
               The truncated expressions are restricted to values
               between 0 and 32767.

          The following is the list of operators:

          =    = is the assignment operator.  The left operand must be
               a name or an array element.  The result is the right
               operand.  Assignment binds right to left,

          &  | & (logical and) has result zero if either of its argu-
               ments are zero.  It has result one if both its argu-
               ments are non-zero.  | (logical or) has result zero if
               both of its arguments are zero.  It has result one if
               either of its arguments are non-zero.

     BAS(1)                                                     BAS(1)

          <  <=  >  >=  ==  <>
               The relational operators (< less than, <= less than or
               equal, > greater than, >= greater than or equal, ==
               equal to, <> not equal to) return one if their argu-
               ments are in the specified relation.  They return zero
               otherwise.  Relational operators at the same level
               extend as follows: a>b>c is the same as a>b&b>c.

          + -  Add and subtract.

          * /  Multiply and divide.

          ^    Exponentiation.

          The following is a list of builtin functions:

          arg(i) is the value of the i -th actual parameter on the
                 current level of function call.

          exp(x) is the exponential function of x.

          log(x) is the natural logarithm of x.

          sqr(x) is the square root of x.

          sin(x) is the sine of x (radians).

          cos(x) is the cosine of x (radians).

          atn(x) is the arctangent of x. Its value is between -π/2 and
                 π/2.

          rnd( ) is a uniformly distributed random number between zero
                 and one.

          expr( )
                 is the only form of program input.  A line is read
                 from the input and evaluated as an expression.  The
                 resultant value is returned.

          abs(x) is the absolute value of x.

          int(x) returns x truncated (towards 0) to an integer.

     FILES
          /tmp/btm? temporary
          b.out          save file
          /bin/ed   for edit

     DIAGNOSTICS
          Syntax errors cause the incorrect line to be typed with an
          underscore where the parse failed.  All other diagnostics

     BAS(1)                                                     BAS(1)

          are self explanatory.

     BUGS
          Has been known to give core images.
          Catches interrupts even when they are turned off.