GETC(3S) GETC(3S)
NAME
getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw -
character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h> int putc(c, stream)
char c;
int getc(stream) FILE *stream;
FILE *stream;
putchar(c)
int getchar()
putw(w, stream)
int getw(stream) FILE *stream;
FILE *stream;
fputc(c, stream)
int fgetc(stream) FILE *stream;
FILE *stream;
DESCRIPTION
Getc returns the next character from the named input stream.
Getchar() is identical to getc(stdin).
Getw returns the next word (32-bit integer on a VAX) from
the named input stream. Getw assumes no special alignment in
the file.
Putc appends the character c to the named output stream. It
returns the character written.
Putchar(c) is identical to putc(c, stdout).
Putw appends word (i.e. int) w to the output stream. It
returns the word written. Putw neither assumes nor causes
special alignment in the file.
Fgetc and fputc behave like getc and putc, but are genuine
functions, not macros; they may be used to save object
text.
The standard output stream stdout is normally buffered, but
is flushed whenever getc causes a buffer to be refilled from
stdin. The standard error stream stderr is normally
unbuffered. These defaults may be changed by setbuf(3).
When an output stream is unbuffered, information appears on
the destination file or terminal as soon as written. When
an output stream is buffered, many characters are saved up
and written as a block. Fflush may be used to force the
block out early; see fopen(3).
GETC(3S) GETC(3S)
SEE ALSO
fopen(3), ungetc(3), stdio(3)
DIAGNOSTICS
These functions return the integer constant EOF at end of
file or error. For getw or putw this indication is ambigu-
ous; ferror(3) may be used to distinguish.
BUGS
Because they are implemented as macros, getc and putc treat
stream arguments with side effects incorrectly. For exam-
ple, getc(*f++) is wrong.
The routines in printf(3) provide temporary buffering even
when buffering has been turned off.
Write errors may be delayed until a subsequent stdio (3)
writing, seeking, or file-closing call.